We'll collect in this thread terms and concepts relevant to (flycasting-) physics. Please don't add any posting, but mention in any other thread what I should add or write me a pm. Thanks Torsten.
Sources: if not otherwise stated, Wikipedia or Youtube.
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Degrees of freedom
"In physics, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state."
Video: Engineering Dynamics 17.4-01 Degrees of Freedom
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Scientific method
"The scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries). It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings."
Video: The scientific method
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Newton's laws of motion
" Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows:
Law 1. A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force.
Law 2. When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force.
Law 3. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions."
Videos: Law 1 Law 2 Law 3
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Force
"In physics, a force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (e.g. moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity."
Common symbol: F
SI unit: newton (N)
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Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment, moment of force, rotational force or turning effect, depending on the field of study. It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of the body.
Common symbol: tau, M
SI unit: newton-metre N⋅m
Video: Introduction to torque
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Work
"In physics, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement. In its simplest form, it is often represented as the product of force and displacement."
Common symbol: W
SI unit: joule (J)
Video: Introduction to work and energy
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Power
"In physics, power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt, equal to one joule per second. In older works, power is sometimes called activity. Power is a scalar quantity."
Common symbol: P
SI unit: watt (W)
Video: Power | Work and energy | Physics
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Bending
"In applied mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element."
Alternative definition from the German Wiki (translated):
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biegung_(Mechanik)
"In engineering mechanics, bending refers to a mechanical change in the geometry of slender components (beams or arches) or of thin components (shells or plates). Typical of bending are changes in curvature of the centerline or surface compared to the curvature the component had in the unstressed state, due to static and dynamic stresses. Such curvatures lead to bending moments and thus to bending stresses."
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Stiffness
"Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force."
Relationship to elasticity:
The elastic modulus of a material is not the same as the stiffness of a component made from that material. Elastic modulus is a property of the constituent material; stiffness is a property of a structure or component of a structure, and hence it is dependent upon various physical dimensions that describe that component. That is, the modulus is an intensive property of the material; stiffness, on the other hand, is an extensive property of the solid body that is dependent on the material and its shape and boundary conditions.
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Mechanical wave
"In physics, a mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position."
The Physics Classroom: What is a wave?
"A Wave Transports Energy and Not Matter!"
Transverse wave
"A transverse wave is the form of a wave in which particles of medium vibrate about their mean position perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the wave."
Longitudinal wave
"Longitudinal waves cause the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. It consists of multiple compressions and rarefactions."
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Tension
"In physics, tension is described as the pulling force transmitted axially by the means of a string, a cable, chain, or similar object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three-dimensional object; tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements. Tension could be the opposite of compression."
Video: Introduction to tension | Forces and Newton's laws of motion | Physics | Khan Academy
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Translation
"In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction."
"In classical physics, translational motion is movement that changes the position of an object, as opposed to rotation."
Rotation
"Rotation, or spin, is the circular movement of an object around a central axis. A two-dimensional rotating object has only one possible central axis and can rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A three-dimensional object has an infinite number of possible central axes and rotational directions."
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Glossary of flycasting physics
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